For a good general survey: Kennedy 2016. See also Kaegi 1992.
Detailed accounts in Lilie 1976; Donner 1981; Kaegi 1992; 2008; 2010. On East Roman/Byzantine strategic thinking more broadly, see also Haldon 2024;…
For more detailed accounts: Haldon 1997; 2016a.
Brandes 1999; Brandes, Haldon 2000; Haldon 2006; Ivison 2007; Niewöhner 2007; 2008; Crow 2009.
Mango 1986.
Haldon 1997.
Arce 2000; Graham 2006; Whittaker 2004; Hekster, Kaizer 2011, p. 13-29; Whately 2013.
For frontiers and borderlands after the 6th century, see essays in Arrignon, Duneau 1981; Lee 1993; Frankopan 1997; Stephenson 2000; Pohl et alii …
See also Crow, in this volume.
See the chapters in Isaac 1992; Greatrex 1998; Sarantis, Christie 2013; Sarantis 2016.
Haldon 2016; Prigent 2018.
Haldon, Kennedy 1980, p. 79-87, 95-106; Métivier 2008.
For the text, French translation and detailed commentary and analysis: Dagron, Mihăescu 1986. For the English translation: Dennis 1985, p. 137-239.…
This was not a new phenomenon. A similar relationship—diplomatically, symbolically and culturally—had existed for centuries between the Roman world…
Bonner 1994.
Haldon, Kennedy 1980, p. 106-111; Bonner 1992; 1996; Bosworth 1992; Kennedy 1995. See also Haldon 2014, p. 379-380 (commentary to Leo the Wise…
Ahrweiler 1962; Haldon 2007; Eastwood et alii 2009.
Described in detail by the 10th century geographer Kudāma ibn Ja‘far, in: de Goeje 1889, p. 199, 259.
Haldon, Kennedy 1980, p. 113-115. About Byzantine-Arab warfare in the 9th-10th centuries, see Brooks 1900; Vasiliev 1935; Vasiliev, Canard 1950;…
See Shepard 1985.
See Theodosian Code, XV, 3, 4 (AD 412), which refers to “the immense ruin of the highways” ([…] inmensas uastitates uiarum certatim […], ed. …
See Haldon 1997, p. 92-124.
This concerns double-spring torsion weapons in particular since the balance between the two springs is crucial. Horizontally mounted single-spring…
Procopius of Caesarea, The Buildings, IV, 8, 4-9; V, 2, 12-14; 3, 4-6, 8-10, 12-15; 4, 1-4; and 5, 1-7. See Whitby 1985; Greatrex 1994.
E.g. I.Chr. Bulgarien, 3 (an inscription from Serdica [Sofia] dated to AD 580 recording repairs to an aqueduct under an imperial officer named…
For good short surveys of the key issues and literature, see Belke 2008; 2010.
See, for example, the imperial prescriptions incorporated into the 5th century Codex Theodosianus, and repeated or replaced in the 6th century…
See Dagron, Mihăescu 1986, p. 219.
Since their maintenance was a localised and infrequent matter, many must have become little more than paths or tracks unsuitable for any wheeled…
For discussion of Byzantine road networks in Anatolia, see Haldon 1999a, p. 150-151; Koder 2012.
For the operations of the postal system in the Middle Byzantine period, see Laurent 1981, p. 289-299, 487-497.
Zaki 1979; Nicolle 1991 (with Nicolle 1976).
Leo the Wise, Taktika, 22-23. See the commentary in Haldon 2014, p. 337. See also Kaegi 1964; Haldon 1999; 2002; for Islamic arms and armour in the…
McGeer 1995. See the whole constitution XVIII of Leo VI’s Taktika (and the commentary in Haldon 2014, p. 331-388).
Anonymus, Skirmishing (above n. 13). See Howard-Johnston 1983; Dagron 1995; 1997.
For all these points see Anonymus, Skirmishing, II-V, VIII-X, XVII, XXIII. Recent survey work using least-cost path and viewshed analysis to model…
McGeer 1995. See also many passages of the commentary in Dagron, Mihăescu 1986.
Zuckerman 1990; Cosentino 2000; Rance 2007.
Strategy, IX (ed. and trans. Dennis 1985, p. 28-31); Anonymus, Skirmishing, I.
E.g. Hild, Restle 1981, p. 237, 245-246.
Hild, Restle 1981, p. 223-224; Haldon 1990, p. 254-255.
See for some examples Hild, Restlé 1981, p. 219-220, 261-262, 266-267, 276.
Belke, Restle 1984, p. 222 (with sources).
Anonymus, Strategy IX, 21-33 (ed. Dennis 1985, p. 28): Τοὺς δὲ οἰκοῦντας κατ’ αὐτὰ τὸν μὲν ἡγεμόνα, ᾧτινι πᾶσα ἡ τοῦ φρουρίου φροντὶς ἐμπεπίστευται…
For example, an 8th century inscription notes that Symeon, an imperial officer, was sent at some point between the 720s and 740 to take charge of…
See Ramsay, Bell 1919, p. 525-527, no. 13, p. 545-546, nos. 42-43. The dating of these inscriptions remains problematic, but sometime between the …
See Laiou 1993; Haldon 1999b; Laiou 2006; Dagron 2009; Stouraitis 2011; Haldon 2014, p. 353-354 (commentary to Leo the Wise, Taktika, XVIII, 105).…
See especially Mottahadeh, Sayyid 2001. See also Bonner 1992; 1996.
Haldon, Kennedy 1980, p. 106
Krausmüller 2004; Lee 2013; Sypiánski 2013.
Khoury 1982, p. 5-7; Haldon 2014, p. 33-37; 2018, with further literature and sources. Yet the Church remained reluctant, and the patriarch…
Christides 1985; O’Sullivan 2004; Howard-Johnston 2010, p. 479-480.
Haldon et alii 2006.
On the various types of warships in use by both sides, see in general Haldon et alii 2006; Pryor, Jeffreys 2006, p. 123-304; Haldon 2014, p. …
Christides 2011; Haldon 2014, p. 109, with further literature.
Ahrweiler 1966, p. 35-44, 93-97, 111-113; Eickhoff 1966, p. 65-67, 173-175, 235-237; Pryor, Jeffreys 2006, p. 385.
See Haldon 2014, p. 389-417 (commentary to Leo the Wise, Taktika, XIX, devoted to naval warfare and related matters). See also Pryor, Jeffreys 2006…
Constantine Porphyrogenitus [and Romanos Lekapenos], Treatises on Imperial Military Expeditions, B, 1-17, 39-42; C, 116-120.
See, for example, Anonymus, Campaign organisation, XIX (ed. and trans. Dennis 1985, p. 292-295).
Anonymus, Campaign organisation I, VI, VII, XXX (ed. and trans. Dennis 1985, p. 246-255, 268-275, 322-323).
10th century treatises on imperial expeditions note the importance of sending both an advance division to prepare the way and of employing suitably…
See the essays in Whately 2024; Wiita 1977; Dagron 1987; 1993. See also the commentary to constitution XVIII of Leo VI’s Taktika in Haldon 2014, p.…
Much discussion has been devoted to the system of fire-signals. The most sensible accounts remain Pattenden 1983, with Zuckerman 1994, p. 361-366.…
See Anonymus, Skirmishing, II, 3-10; VI, 12-13; with Pattenden 1983, p. 266; n. 13. Dagron, Mihăescu 1986, p. 246-247, n. 32, prefer to derive the…
Haldon, Rosen 2018; Haldon et alii 2022; Haldon 2023.
Whittow 1996.