This text is largely based upon, and elaborates further, the authors’ text in Breeze et alii 2022.
Notitia dignitatum, West, XXVI. See e.g. White 1961; Hassall 1977; Johnson 1976; Johnson 1979; Mann 1989.
Notitia dignitatum, West, XXXVIII; XXXVII, respectively. See e.g. Johnson 1977; Brulet 1989; 1991; 2015; 2017.
Alexander 1976.
See respectively Seillier 1996, p. 243; Brulet 2017, p. 43.
Gerrard 2013, p. 27.
See e.g. Hodgson 1991; Cotterill 1993, p. 231-232; Scharf 2005.
see e.g. Mann 1976; 1991; Welsby 1982, p. 133-145; Kulikowski 2000, p. 361; Brulet 2017; O’Hara 2013.
Scharf 2005.
Collins has demonstrated for Hadrian’s Wall a significant difference between the Notitia and the archaeological evidence: see Collins 2012, p. …
Kulikowski 2000.
E.g. White 1961; Johnson 1977; 1979; Hind 1980; Pearson 2002, p. 130-138.
Dhaeze 2011, p. 149-151; Dhaeze 2019.
See e.g. White 1961; Johnson 1976; Dhaeze 2011, p. 152-154; Dhaeze 2019.
See Johnson 1976, p. 89.
Gerrard 2013, p. 27; Esmonde Cleary 2013, p. 52.
Reddé 2014.
Blagg 1989; Wilmott 2005; 2012; Smither forthcoming.
Millet, Wilmott 2003.
Rivet, Smith 1979, p. 154.
Seillier 1996; Reddé 2014; Blamangin, Demon 2020, p. 34-38.
Philp 1981; 2012.
Booth 2007.
RIB 66.
Cunliffe 1980, p. 227.
Brodribb 1969; Weston 2017.
RIB 3036.
Benwell: RIB 1340; Birdoswald: RIB 1944; 1945.
Blamangin, Demon 2020, p. 34.
Waasdorp 2012.
Dhaeze 2011; 2019.
Dhaeze 2011, p. 191.
Bechert, Willems 1995; Buijtendorp 2018. For a discussion on the military function of this site: see Brulet 1989, p. 76-77; Dhaeze 2011, p. 208, p.…
Buijtendorp 2018.
See De Clercq 2009, p. 488-495 for an overview of the archaeological evidence of this crisis era.
Historia Augusta, Didius Julianus, I, 6-8.
Thoen 1991; 1993; Dhaeze 2011; 2019.
Erdrich 2004, p. 159.
See van Dierendonck, Vos 2013.
Vanhoutte 2023a.
Pearson 2002, p. 54-55.
Philp 2005.
RIB 3027; see Harper 1964.
For Brancaster: see Wessex Archaeology 2014; for Reculver: Philp 2005.
Darling, Gurney 1993.
Haynes, Wilmott 2020.
Johnson 1977, p. 68.
Blagg 1989; Philp 2012, p. 156-157.
CIL, XII, 686.
Ed. Lassandro 1992, p. 286 : […] classe quae olim Gallias tuebatur, […]; trans. Nixon, Saylor Rodgers 1994, p. 127. See Blamangin, Demon 2020, p. …
Blamangin, Demon 2020, p. 36.
See e.g. Drinkwater 1987.
van Heesch 1998, p. 150.
Seillier 1986, p. 174.
Blamangin, Demon 2020, p. 36.
Vanhoutte 2023a.
Deconynck et alii 2025.
Despriet 2023.
Vanhoutte 2023a, p. 207-208.
See Milne 1990; Davies 2006.
Johnson 1983; 1989; Gurney 2002.
Allen et alii 2003.
Johnson 1979, p. 41-43; Pearson 2002, p. 19-21.
Johnson 1979, p. 43.
Millet, Wilmott 2003, p. 192.
Wilmott 2021.
Bushe-Fox 1926; 1928; 1932; 1949; Blagg 1989; Wilmott 2012.
Wilmott, Smither 2020.
Philp 2012, p. 46.
Philp 1981; 2012.
Hutchinson et alii 1985.
Johnson 1979, p. 53-56; Cunliffe 1980; Pearson 2002, p. 31-32.
Lyne 2009.
Cunliffe 1975.
King 1991.
Fulford, Tyers 1995, p. 1013.
Dhaeze 2011, p. 126-127.
Wood 1990, p. 93.
Cunliffe 1975.
Casey 1977; Williams 2004.
Vanhoutte 2023a.
de Boone 1954, p. 58.
Vanhoutte 2023a; van Dierendonck, Vos 2013.
Johnson 1979, p. 30-33.
Lyne 2009.
Johnson 1979, p. 50, 109; Wilmott, Smither 2020, p. 164.
Philp 2012, p. 46.
Cunliffe 1975, p. 421.
Johnson 1979; Pearson 2002.
Notitia dignitatum, West, XXVI, 3-11.
Gerrard 2013, p. 32.
Symonds 2018, p. 198.
Wacher 1969.
Mann 1977, p. 11; Wightman 1985, p. 208.
Johnson 1976, p. 146.
Notitia dignitatum, West, XXXVIII, 5.
Brulet 1989, p. 60; 1991, p. 165.
Brulet 1989; Dhaeze 2011, p. 325-327.
Brulet 1989; 1991; Dhaeze 2011; 2019.
Oudenburg proposed by Mertens: Mertens 1977; Mertens, Van Impe 1971, p. 36; Mertens, Crabbé 1987, p. 7, but this possibility has been rejected by…
See e.g. Haalebos 1997.
Brulet 1993, p. 136-137.
Notitia dignitatum, West, XXXVII.
Johnson 1976, p. 72-83; Brulet 1989; 1990, p. 241-243; 1991; 2015.
Johnson 1976; 1979.
Vanhoutte 2023a.
De Errore Profanarum Religionum, XXVIII, 6.
For Portchester: Cunliffe 1975, p. 425; for Pevensey: Lyne 2009, p. 39.
Vanhoutte 2023a.
Brulet 1989, p. 62-72; Seillier 1996; Reddé 2014; Blamangin, Demon 2020, p. 34-38.
For the cemetery of Vron: see Seillier 1986; 2006; for the cemetery of Nouvion-en-Ponthieu: see Piton, Schuler 1981; for the cemetery of…
See e.g. Brulet 2017.
Dhaeze 2011; Dhaeze 2019.
Brulet 1989; Johnson 1977, p. 31-34.
Gurney 2002.
Lyne 2009.
Cunliffe 1975.
Millet, Wilmott 2003.
Wessex Archaeology 2014.
Vanhoutte 2023a.
Johnson 1983, p. 70-73.
Mertens, Van Impe 1971; Mertens 1977; see also Van Thienen 2017; 2023.
For Portchester: Cunliffe 1975.
Vanhoutte 2023a.
E.g. Indications for leather production at Oudenburg: see van Driel-Murray 2023. Indications for textile production at Portchester: see Webster …
Vanhoutte 2023a.
Pearson 2002, p. 167-170.
Johnson 1989, p. 132.
Philp 2005, p. 203-218.
Lyne 1999.
Lyne 2016.
Wilmott 2022.
Lyne 2009.
See Wilmott 1997; Collins 2012.
Esmonde Cleary 2017.
Lyne 2016.