For an overview and critique of the concept of crisis during that period see Beeressem 2018, p. 12-15.
Jones 2020.
About the concept and its partial misleadingness see Berressem 2018, p. 9-11.
PLRE I, p. 960 (Sex. Aurelius Victor 13); Hartmann 2008, p. 21.
Ed. Nickbakht, Scardino 2021, p. 102, 104: His prospere ac supra uota cedentibus more hominum secundis solutior rem Romanam quasi naufragio dedit…
PLRE I, p. 317 (Eutropius 2); Hartmann 2008, p. 28-29.
Ed. Bleckmann, Gross 2018, p. 162: Alamanni uastatis Galliis in Italiam penetrauerunt. Dacia, quae a Traiano ultra Danubium fuerat adiecta, tum…
Ed. Nickbakht, Scardino 2021, p. 166: Prouinciam Daciam, quam Traianus ultra Danubium fecerat, intermisit uastato omni Illyrico et Moesia desperans…
Ed. Paschoud 1996, p. 50: Cum uastatum Illyricum ac Moesiam deperditam uideret, provinciam Transdanuuianam Daciam a Traiano constitutam, sublato…
Hartmann 2008, p. 25-26. See recently the historical commentary of B. Bleckmann, J. Gross (2018, p. 239): “Diese Nachricht stammt aus der EKG, vgl.…
Hartmann 2008, p. 31-32; Johne 2008.
Hartmann 2008, p. 26.
Festus, Breviarium of the Accomplishments of the Roman People, VIII, 2 = EKG, fr. 83c + 93c (ed. Bleckmann et alii 2022, p. 266): […] sed sub…
Orosius, Histories against the pagans, VII, 22, 7 (ed. Arnaud-Lindet 1991, p. 59): […] nam Dacia trans Danuuium in perpetuum aufertur; […] Trans.…
Jordanes, Roman History, CCXVII (ed. Mommsen 1882, p. 27-28): Sed Gallienus eos dum regnaret amisit Aurelianusque imperator evocatis exinde…
Hartmann 2008, p. 29.
Geiger 2013, p. 37.
Bleckmann [et alii] 2022, p. 181: “Die EKG unterschied, wie die Übereinstimmungen zwischen Aurelius Victor und Eutrop zeigen, eine erste gute Phase…
Bleckmann [et alii] 2022, p. 193: “Da Räumung Dakiens und Neugestaltung der Provinzen südlich der Donau freilich auch bei Festus, in der Historia…
See also Flügel, Scholz in this volume; Piso 2018, p. 430: “Im Grunde genommen verstand man unter der amissio, dass Dakien praktisch aufgegeben…
Panegyrici Latini, VIII (V), 10, 2-3 (ed. Lassandro 1992, p. 285): […] tunc se nimium et Parthus extulerat et Palmyrenus aequauerat; tota Aegyptus…
Kos 1995, p. 131: “Dieser Passus aus der Lobrede wurde sogar als Grundlage für viele Deutungen der historischen Ereignisse in Raetien während der…
However, the new results of the archaeological excavations and an improvement in the methods of dating material culture allow to nuance this…
De Blois 2017.
See e. g. Petolescu 2010, p. 286-292.
Ed. Desbordes, Ratti 2000, p. 33-34: Inter haec Scythae per Euxinum nauigantes Histrum ingressi multa grauia in solo Romano fecerunt. Quibus…
Martin, Grusková 2014, initially dated by them in AD 267/268. However, both Mallan, Davenport 2015, p. 215-220 and Piso 2015, p. 200-206…
Piso 2018, p. 428: “Um auf das Jahr 262 zurückzukommen, ist es ganz sicher, dass vor allem Untermoesien in Mitleidenschaft gezogen wurde. Thrakien…
AÉ, 2012, 1215 = Piso 2014, p. 128 = ILD, 948: Aesculapio et Hygiae / pro salute d(omini) n(ostri) Imp(eratoris) / ⟦Aem(ili) Aemil[i]a[ni] Aug(usti…
AÉ, 2012, 1216 = Piso 2014, p. 128 = ILD, 947: Fortunae / pro salute d(omini) n(ostri) Imp(eratoris) / ⟦[Ae]m(ili) A[e]m[i]liani Aug(usti)⟧ / M(…
Piso 2014, 127: “Die spärlichen Buchstabenreste lassen es nicht zu, den Namen des Gallienus zu rekonstruieren. Der erste Buchstabe ist keineswegs…
Petolescu, 2013, nr. 1578−1579, p. 377-378: [[Re]]g[[alianus Aug(ustus)]] or [[In]]g[[enuus Aug(ustus)]]. For the biographies and dating of both…
AÉ, 1993, 1231 a-b; Ehling, Hartmann 2008, p. 54.
CIL, III, 875 = ILS, 4345: Deo Azizo Bono P[uero conserva]/tori pro salutem dd(ominorum) [nn(ostrorum) Valeriani et Gal]/lieni Augg(ustorum) et…
CIL, III, 1560 = ILS, 3845 = I.Dacia Rom., III/1, 54 = ILD, 184: Di{i}s Magnis / et Bonis Aescu/lapio et Hygiae / Marc(us) Aur(elius) Vete/ranus…
CIL, III, 7971 = ILS, 554 = I.Dacia Rom., III/2, 82: P(ublio) Licinio Corne/lio Valeriano / nobilissimo Caes(ari) / filio / Imp(eratoris) Caes(aris…
CIL, III, 1550 = I.Dacia Rom., III/1, 132: Corneliae / Saloninae / Au[g(ustae)] coniugi / Gallieni Aug(usti) n(ostri) /5 ordo mun(icipii) / Tib(…
CIL, III, 1577 = 8010 = I.Dacia Rom., III/1, 77 = ILD, 188: Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) P(ublio) Lici(nio) / Gallieno p(io) f(elici) Aug(usto) / pont(…
CIL, III, 1176 = ILS, 514 = I.Dacia Rom., III/5, 431: Imp(eratori) Caes(ari) C(aio) / Mess(io) Quinto / Traiano / Decio [Pio F(elici) Aug(usto)] /…
See the epigraphic sources collected by Petolescu 2021, p. 72-73, 114-115, at Poetovio, Mediolanum, Dertona and Ticinum. They became part of…
Bărbulescu 1994, p. 173-183; Matei 2021, p. 113-184.
CIL, VI, 2605. See also Velkov 1998, p. 160; Cenati 2023, p. 348, C 331.
Velkov 1998, p. 160.
Găzdac 1998; 1999; 2002; 2010; Hügel 2003, p. 84-124.
Găzdac 1998, p. 231.
Hügel 2003, p. 120-121.
Găzdac 2002, p. 738; Hügel 2003, p. 86, 90-92.
Găzdac 1999, p. 37; 2010, p. 199; Hügel 2003, p. 87.
Găzdac 1999, p. 26-28, pl. 2-3; Hügel 2003, p. 90.
Pîslaru 2009, p. 83, 87, 313 (tab. VII), 315 (tab. VIII), 318 (tab. IX), 322 (tab. X), 326 (tab. XI), 330 (tab. XII), 334 (tab. XIII), 337 (tab. …
Găzdac et alii 2009, p. 6, 47-57. There are very few hoards ending with coins of Aurelian: excepting for Apulum III hoard, another one also…
Găzdac 1998, p. 230-231; 1999, p. 36-37.
RIC, V/1, Aurelian, 108; Estiot 1995, no 1557. See also Hügel 2003, p. 121-124, with bibliography.
Petculescu 2017, p. 263.
Estiot 1995, p. 75.
CIL, III, 7586 = I.Callatis, 96.
CIL, III, 12461 (= 7484) = I.Tropaeum, 13.
Petolescu 2010, p. 87, 280; Opriș 2018; 2021.
Historia Augusta, Divus Aurelianus, XXXIX, 7. See also Velkov 1977, p. 21; Petolescu 2010, p. 309.
Moga 1985, p. 30-31.
Bărbulescu 1987, p. 32-33.
See Velkov 1977, p. 85-99, for the cities in both Dacia Ripensis and Dacia Mediterranea.
Theodosian Code, XV, 1, 13.
PLRE I, p. 48 ((A)NTONIVS ALYPIVS 11).
Öztürk, Dana 2021 = AÉ, 2021, 01207: D(is) M(anibus) / Tziampo protector divini lateris monumentum meum / restauravi oriundus ex regione Pieucense…
AÉ, 1977, 00791: D(is) M(anibus) / Valerius Ursicinus protector / de provincia Dacia vico Dissena/nis fecit stipendia XXIII / quan diu vita fuit…
Panegyrici Latini, VIII (V), 3, 3; Zugravu 2020, p. 81: “Questa dunque non poteva essere l’ex-provincia della Dacia a nord del Danubio, il cui…
Still useful Vulić 1923.
AÉ, 1912, 200 = ILBulg, 188; Mitthof, Matei-Popescu 2023.
Lactantius, On the Deaths of the Persecutors, IX, 2 (ed. Städele 2003, p. 110): [...] mater eius Transdanuuiana infestantibus Carpis in Daciam…
Theodosian Code, II, 192, 2.
AÉ, 1981, 777; Sartre 1983.
Notitia dignitatum, East, XL, 21, XLII, 24, 28; Zahariade 2014-2015.
Both legions were further divided into an increasing number of detachments serving in different provinces. They were later reassigned to the…
Petolescu 2010, p. 311-312; Madgearu 2011, p. 45-56.
Găzdac et alii 2015, p. 67-76, tab. 1-7, 216-220, graphs 1-8 (for Drobeta); Găzdac 1998, p. 231 (Sucidava).
Opriș et alii 2022, with extensive bibliography.
Aurelius Victor, Book of the Caesars, XLI, 18; Chronicon Paschale, Olympiad 277 (328) (ed. and trans. PG, 92, col. 707-708); Theophanes the…
Notitia dignitatum, East, XL, 14.
Procopius of Caesarea, The Buildings, IV, 6, 32-35.
Opriș et alii 2022, 643 and n. 51.
Petolescu 2010, p. 310-311.
See recently Țentea, Matei-Popescu, Timoc 2023, p. 764-768 (Pojejena); p. 795-799 (Gornea).
I.Chr. România, 427.
I.Chr. România, 424.
Opreanu 2004.
Petculescu 2017, p. 263.
Kienast, Eck, Heil 2017, p. 226. One should add Watson 1999, p. 175, who considers that the title must refer to Aurelian’s campaigns in the Balkans…
Tomas 2021: the fortification extended eastward, overlapping the former East graveyard of the legionary fortress (p. 140, fig. 2); in the same time…
Dimitrov 2013-2014; Dimitrov 2015.
Vulpe 1973, p. 46.